Cross-layer Scheduling Optimization for Cloud Services Leveraging Predictive Application Traffic Models

Authors

  • Stanley Poon Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  • Ka-Man Tsang Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Commerce, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66238/smsrj.v4i2.79

Keywords:

Cloud Computing, Cross-layer Scheduling, Traffic Prediction, Resource Allocation, Machine Learning

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of latency-sensitive and bandwidth-intensive applications has placed unprecedented demands on cloud computing infrastructures. Traditional resource allocation mechanisms, which typically operate within isolated layers of the network and computing stack, often fail to achieve optimal performance due to their reactive nature and lack of inter-layer visibility. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into cross-layer scheduling for cloud services, augmented by predictive application traffic modeling. By integrating machine learning-based traffic forecasting with a joint optimization framework spanning the application, network, and computing layers, the proposed system transitions from reactive resource provisioning to proactive capacity planning. We detail the system architecture, mathematical formulation of the cross-layer optimization problem, and a heuristic algorithm designed to minimize end-to-end latency while maximizing resource utilization. Extensive simulation evaluations using real-world cloud cluster traces demonstrate that the predictive cross-layer approach significantly reduces Service Level Agreement violations and improves overall throughput compared to conventional single-layer and reactive scheduling paradigms. The findings underscore the necessity of holistic, predictive resource management in next-generation cloud environments, paving the way for more resilient and efficient infrastructure capable of handling highly volatile application workloads.

References

1. Yang, Z., Ji, W., Guo, Q., & Wang, Z. (2023, October). Javp: Joint-aware video processing with edge-cloud collaboration for dnn inference. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia (pp. 9152-9160).

2. Wang, F., Sun, L., & Zhang, Z. (2020, December). Hyperbolic user identity linkage across social networks. In GLOBECOM 2020-2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

3. Kim, E. H., Huang, H., Wang, Z., Duan, H., Fu, Z., & Pedrycz, W. (2026). Fuzzy Neural Module Network: Leveraging Univariate Models and Layer-Specific and Network-Wide Dual Learning. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

4. Yao, Y., Zhao, J., Li, Z., Cheng, X., & Wu, L. (2023). Jamming and eavesdropping defense scheme based on deep reinforcement learning in autonomous vehicle networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 18, 1211-1224.

5. Li, R., Wang, L., Chen, K., Xu, L., & Fei, A. (2024). Full-duplex NOMA-enabled integrated sensing and communication: Joint transmit and receive beamforming optimization. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 11(16), 27015-27029.

6. Fan, X., Soto, P., Zou, Y., Su, X., & Li, J. (2023, May). Sequence-aware coding for leveraging stragglers in coded matrix multiplication. In ICC 2023-IEEE International Conference on Communications (pp. 3382-3387). IEEE.

7. Burns, B., Grant, B., Oppenheimer, D., Brewer, E., & Wilkes, J. (2016). Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes. Communications of the ACM, 59(5), 50–57.

8. Li, X., Hu, J., & Liu, X. (2020). Harmonic Distortion Optimization for Sigma-Delta Modulators Interface Circuit of TMR Sensors.Sensors,20(4), 1041.

9. Wu, C., Xu, C., & Liu, Y. (2026). L7-COLO: A Cost-Aware Layer-7 Load Balancing Framework with Deep Traffic Prediction for Dynamic Optimization of Enterprise Cloud Services. Fundamental Scientific Reports in Multidisciplinary Areas, 2(02), 235-249.

10. Zhang, Q., Zhong, L., Gao, S., & Li, X. (2018). Optimizing HIV interventions for multiplex social networks via partition-based random search. IEEE transactions on cybernetics, 48(12), 3411.

11. Wei, Q., Li, R., Bai, W., & Han, Z. (2025). Multi-UAV-enabled energy-efficient data delivery for low-altitude economy: Joint coded caching, user grouping, and UAV deployment. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 12(14), 27519-27532.

12. Li, X., Wang, P., Li, G., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Design of a novel self-test-on-chip interface ASIC for capacitive accelerometers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 70(7), 2834-2843.

13. Liu, J., & Huang, C. T. (2023, February). Evaluation of different time series forecasting models for 5g v2v networks. In 2023 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) (pp. 278-282). IEEE.

14. Li, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., Zhang, Y., Li, X., & Zhang, X. (2025). Nonvolatile Optical Switch With a Programmable pn Heterojunction.IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,72(8), 4030-4035.

15. Meng, X., & Lin, J. (2026). AURA-Trace: Auditable Provenance-Aware Synthetic Release of Campus IoT Time Series for Privacy-Preserving AI4Science. IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

16. Li, X., Wang, P., Li, G., Ni, L., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Design of interface circuits and lightweight PUF for TMR sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 23(11), 11754-11761.

17. Hu, Y., Yang, Z., Zhao, C., & Ji, W. (2026, May). Adaptive guidance semantically enhanced via multimodal llm for edge-cloud object detection. In ICASSP 2026-2026 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (pp. 12962-12966). IEEE.

18. Wang, S., Zhang, X., Wang, P., & Li, X. (2026). Design of Magnetic Sensor Array-Based PUFs for IoT Security. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 75, 1-9.

19. Zhang, Y., Pleus, A., & Althoff, M. (2026, July). Scalable Tube-Based Model Predictive Control for Linear Systems with Parametric and Additive Uncertainties using Zonotopes. In 2026 European Control Conference (ECC) (pp. 509-516). IEEE.

20. Xiao, W., Tan, Q., Chen, M., Yao, Y., & Shu, F. (2026). Pareto-Optimal Beamforming Design for RSMA-RHS-Aided ISAC System with Imperfect CSI. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

21. Lin, Y., Yao, Y., Zhu, J., & He, C. (2025, July). Application of generative AI in predictive analysis of urban energy distribution and traffic congestion in smart cities. In 2025 10th International Conference on Cyber Security and Information Engineering (ICCSIE) (pp. 620-623). IEEE.

22. Li, X., Wang, P., Ye, H., He, H., & Zhang, X. (2023). Study of a High-Precision Read-Out Integrated Circuit for Bridge Sensors.Micromachines,14(11), 2013.

23. Wang, Z., Kim, E. H., Oh, S. K., Pedrycz, W., Fu, Z., & Yoon, J. H. (2024). Reinforced fuzzy-rule-based neural networks realized through streamlined feature selection strategy and fuzzy clustering with distance variation. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 32(10), 5674-5686.

24. Li, Y., & Gao, S. (2021, December). On the convergence of optimal computing budget allocation algorithms. In 2021 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC) (pp. 1-12). IEEE.

25. Pu, H., Wang, X., Kumar, A., Su, L., & Li, H. (2025). OTFS-ISAC system with sub-nyquist ADC sampling rate. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

26. Yao, Y., Zhu, Z., Miao, P., Cheng, X., Shu, F., & Wang, J. (2025). Optimizing hybrid RIS-aided ISAC systems in V2X networks: A deep reinforcement learning method for anti-eavesdropping techniques. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 74 (6), 9224-9239.

27. Yang, Z., Ji, W., & Wang, Z. (2024). Adaptive joint configuration optimization for collaborative inference in edge-cloud systems. Science China Information Sciences, 67(4), 149103.

28. Fowler, A. G., Mariantoni, M., Martinis, J. M., & Cleland, A. N. (2012). Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation. Physical Review A, 86(3), 032324.

29. Li, Q., Ye, Q., Zhang, N., Zhang, W., & Hu, F. (2025). Digital-twin-enabled industrial IoT: Vision, framework, and future directions. IEEE Wireless Communications, 32(6), 173-181.

30. Arute, F., Arya, K., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Bardin, J. C., Barends, R., et al. (2019). Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor. Nature, 574(7779), 505–510.

Downloads

Published

2026-09-26

Issue

Section

Articles